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The
Greatness of Ronald Reagan:
A Personal Remembrance
Lolling
around the Oval Office after a presentation documenting how the
Administration was back-filling bureaucratic slots we had cut during
the first few years, someone was waiting patiently behind, just
out of sight. Bragging to whomever would listen about the president's
support for my plan to stop the backsliding, I figured he could
wait. When I finally turned around, there was the President of the
United States of America patiently waiting his turn to talk to the
pompous personnel director!
Sensing
my discomfort, he immediately put me at ease by saying: "Keep
it up, fighting those bureaucrats, and don't give up." Smiling
gently, he turned and went back to work. Here was the real Ronald
Reagan--kind, considerate, polite, decent and letting you know that
he appreciated the job you were doing. But he was also focused like
a laser, keeping to the job at hand, here trying to keep his promise
to cut government bureaucracy.
I saw
him up close when he fired the air traffic controllers. As civil
service head, I had expressed my displeasure with the concessions
that the Federal Aeronautics Administration had made to the union,
proposing pay and benefits well beyond the already higher rates
controllers received compared to the remainder of the workforce.
Since the union was gaining advantages through the threat of disruption
and strike, the inevitable result would be more of the same throughout
the government. Luckily, the union was greedy and rejected the offer.
Then they crossed the line and the president made history. At the
subsequent White House meeting, the president was insistent. The
controllers had violated their no-strike oath as federal employees
and they had to go. That was that.
The
FAA head opposed the severity of the penalty and was dropped from
the car on the way to the news conference by Transportation Secretary
Drew Lewis, who had initially supported the concessions but said
it was now time to support the boss. All three of us wanted to eventually
hire back the controllers (on our terms)--the penny-pinching personnel
director because of the time it would take to train the thousands
of replacements needed. Mr. Reagan, looking more broadly than we,
would have none of it. As Secretary of State George Schultz wrote
later, world leaders immediately became impressed with a president
who would be so decisive. Chris Matthews reported that it was this
one act that led Speaker Tip O'Neill to respect Reagan as a political
leader who had to be dealt with. Business leaders told me for years
that President Reagan's actions freezing employment, denying unnecessary
pay and benefits increases, and--especially--firing the controllers
steeled their resolve to slim their own bloated bureaucracies.
In
early 1986, while I was advising Senate Majority Leader, Bob Dole,
he took a piece of paper from his desk and lofted it over to me.
"Look what your friend is trying to get me to do." "Do
not forget about flattening the tax rates," it read, plus a
few flattering words, and was signed Ronald Reagan. "He is
the only person in Washington who thinks this has a ghost of a chance,"
said the Senator. "What does he expect me to do?" In less
than a year, President Reagan signed a tax bill cutting the number
of rates in half and reducing them to only 15, 28 and 33 percent,
the lowest then or since. The top marginal rate went from seventy
percent to one-third, the first substantial cut in a progressive
tax system by a democratic government in recorded history. However
alone, Ronald Reagan never gave up.
Everyone
remembers his original supply side tax cut of 23 percent, a size
most advisors thought was too large. Without it, total taxes would
have been 23.8 percent of GNP, rather than the 19.3 percent he obtained.
Fifty-five countries followed with tax reductions of their own.
Even his admirers think President Reagan did not cut government
spending. That is because he insisted on increasing defense. On
non-defense outlays, spending did decline from 17.9 percent of GNP
in fiscal 1982 to 16.4 percent in fiscal 1989. Soon after, his successor
increased it to 19.8 percent so people, especially Republicans,
tend to forget. He was even flexible enough to support two items
originally opposed by his assistants--Dole's proposal to index tax
rates for inflation and Sen. Phil Gramm's spending limits--that
also helped promote limited government during his years in office.
Oh,
yes, those higher defense expenditures and the technology and readiness
they purchased convinced the Soviet leaders they could not compete.
Then, there was no Soviet Union and he had defeated the "evil
empire" too.
We
miss him and will not soon see another of his stature.
Donald
Devine, Editor and Director of the U.S. Office of Personnel Management
during Ronald Reagan's first term.
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